Kratom Abuse and Addiction

Kratom use is becoming common in the United States, with 1.7 million people age 12 or older reporting use in the past year in 2021. People use kratom because of its stimulant, painkilling and euphoric effects. It can have effects similar to stimulants or opioids, depending on how much of the substance is used. Low doses of kratom can cause stimulant effects, and higher doses usually cause a high similar to one experienced with opioids.

Over a five-year period, from 2010 to 2015,  poison centers across the United States received about 660 calls regarding kratom exposure. In April 2019, about 152 people who died of drug overdose had kratom present in their systems upon death. Although kratom addiction is not as large of a problem as opioid addiction, kratom use is growing, and its side effects can be deadly.

What Is Kratom?

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a tropical tree native to Southeast Asia, particularly countries like Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and Myanmar. The leaves of the kratom tree contain chemical compounds known as alkaloids, including mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. These alkaloids can produce effects similar to both stimulants and opioids, depending on the dose.

• Low doses: People who take smaller doses of kratom often report increased energy, alertness and a mild sense of euphoria.
• High doses: In larger amounts, kratom can have sedative effects similar to opioids, inducing relaxation and pain relief.

Kratom is consumed in various forms, including dried leaves, capsules, tablets and teas. The substance is not currently regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which means kratom products can vary widely in potency and purity.

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Kratom Dependence and Addiction

The terms “dependence” and “addiction” are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings:

• Dependence occurs when the body adapts to a substance over time and requires it to function normally. Physical dependence on kratom can develop if a person uses it regularly, leading to withdrawal symptoms when they stop.
• Addiction involves compulsive use despite harmful consequences. Individuals with kratom addiction may be unable to stop or reduce their use, even when kratom causes negative impacts on work, school, relationships or health.

Regular, long-term use of kratom can lead to both physical dependence and addiction. As the body becomes accustomed to the substance, tolerance can also build. Tolerance means that a person needs higher or more frequent doses of kratom to achieve the desired effects, increasing the risk of dependence and addiction.

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Symptoms of Kratom Withdrawal

When someone who has developed a physical dependence on kratom suddenly stops or drastically reduces their use, withdrawal symptoms may arise. These symptoms often resemble opioid withdrawal but can vary in intensity depending on the individual’s usage history and biological factors. Common kratom withdrawal symptoms include:

• Irritability and mood swings: Feelings of anger, frustration or sadness, often fluctuating rapidly.
• Anxiety or restlessness: Difficulty relaxing, persistent worry or panic-like sensations.
• Insomnia and fatigue: Changes in sleep patterns, including difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
• Muscle aches and pain: Cramping, soreness or general muscle discomfort.
• Runny nose or watery eyes: Mild flu-like symptoms are not uncommon.
• Sweating: Increased perspiration that may be unrelated to temperature or physical activity.
• Gastrointestinal distress: Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea.

While these symptoms can be uncomfortable, they are generally not life-threatening. However, professional support may help minimize discomfort and reduce the risk of relapse.

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Signs of Kratom Addiction

Because kratom has both stimulant and opioid-like properties, it can be challenging to recognize when casual or recreational use has progressed to a more serious problem. The following signs may indicate a growing kratom addiction:

• Increasing doses: Regularly needing more kratom to experience the same effects, signaling the development of tolerance.
• Inability to cut back: Making unsuccessful attempts to reduce or stop kratom use due to cravings or withdrawal symptoms.
• Spending excessive time obtaining or using kratom: Prioritizing kratom over work, school or personal responsibilities.
• Neglecting important obligations: Missing deadlines at work or school, or failing to meet family obligations because of kratom use.
• Using despite negative consequences: Continuing to use kratom even after experiencing financial problems, relationship conflicts or health concerns.
• Psychological preoccupation: Constantly thinking about the next dose and feeling anxious if kratom is not readily available.

If you or someone you love exhibits these behaviors, it may be time to seek professional help.

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Risks Associated With Kratom Dependence

Kratom dependence can result in a range of health and lifestyle risks. Although kratom’s long-term effects are still being studied, some potential concerns include:

• Physical health complications: Long-term kratom use has been associated with liver damage, constipation, nausea and other digestive issues.
• Mental health effects: Anxiety, depression and mood disturbances can arise or worsen in those dependent on kratom.
• Risk of polysubstance use: When kratom alone no longer produces the desired effect, some individuals may experiment with other substances, potentially leading to dangerous drug interactions.
• Financial strain: Purchasing kratom regularly can become costly, especially as tolerance builds and more of the substance is required.
• Relationship problems: Kratom dependence can strain relationships with family, friends or significant others who notice changes in behavior and priorities.

Because kratom is unregulated, contamination is another concern. Some products may be laced with other chemicals or drugs, posing additional health risks.

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How Addictive Is Kratom?

Kratom’s addictive potential lies in its opioid-like effects at higher doses. Repeated exposure to these effects can activate the brain’s reward system in a way that leads to compulsive use, much like traditional opioids. While kratom may not be as potent as morphine or heroin, the risk of addiction is nonetheless significant. Additionally, because kratom remains unregulated, people may be unaware of how strong or pure their supply is, which can further complicate addiction risk and management.

Scientific research into kratom’s full potential for addiction is still ongoing, but anecdotal evidence and clinical observations underscore the possibility of severe dependence and problematic use. In some cases, individuals initially drawn to kratom to manage opioid withdrawal find themselves addicted to kratom instead.

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Kratom Addiction Treatment Options

Overcoming kratom addiction often requires the support of medical professionals and comprehensive treatment programs. There is no one-size-fits-all approach, but several evidence-based strategies can help:

Medical Detox

A medically supervised detox allows healthcare professionals to monitor withdrawal symptoms and ensure the client’s safety and comfort. Depending on the severity of dependence, medications may be used to lessen withdrawal symptoms.

Inpatient or Residential Treatment

For those with more severe kratom addiction or co-occurring conditions, an inpatient program provides a structured environment free from daily triggers. Patients receive 24/7 medical care, therapy and support while focusing on recovery.

Behavioral Therapies

Evidence-based therapies like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and motivational interviewing can help individuals understand their triggers, develop coping strategies and address underlying issues that contribute to kratom use.

Support Groups

Joining recovery support groups, whether in-person or online, can provide a sense of community and shared experience. Groups such as Narcotics Anonymous (NA) or other addiction-focused meetings offer peer support, accountability and hope.

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If you or someone you know is struggling with kratom addiction, it’s important to reach out for professional help. The Recovery Village Columbus provides evidence-based treatment programs tailored to individual needs. With the right combination of medical supervision, therapy and peer support, long-term recovery from kratom addiction is possible. No one needs to fight this battle alone. Contact us today to ask us more about our treatment options.